MSM -- MSM is a popular supplement for treating the pain of arthritis, including both OA and RA, despite a lack of scientific evidence. One preliminary study suggested that 6,000 mg of MSM did improve pain and function without side effects in people with OA of the knee. Some preparations of MSM combine the mineral with glucosamine to treat OA. One study suggests that approach might be effective, but more research is needed.
Sulfur is a naturally occurring mineral that is found primarily near hot springs and volcanic craters. It has a distinct "rotten egg" smell, caused by sulfur dioxide gas escaping into the air. As a supplement, sulfur is available in two forms -- dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and methylsulfonylmethane (MSM). About 15% of DMSO breaks down into MSM in the body. Both have been touted as treatments for pain.
MSM occurs naturally in some plants (such as horsetail), fruits and vegetables, some grains, and milk. The supplement combines DMSO with hydrogen peroxide. MSM is important in joint health and helps form connective tissue (cartilage, tendons, and ligaments). It may also slow the nerve impulses that transmit pain signals, reducing pain.
DMSO is a chemical byproduct of papermaking and is used as an industrial solvent, as well as for medicinal purposes. It is approved by the Food and Drugs Administration for intravesical use (meaning it is instilled in the bladder by a doctor) to treat interstitial cystitis. It is also used in creams and taken by mouth for pain and other conditions. Unlike MSM, DMSO is absorbed through the skin. Never use industrial-grade DMSO as a supplement, because it may contain dangerous impurities. You should talk to your doctor before either taking DMSO internally or applying it to your skin.
Sulfur-containing mud baths (often called balneotherapy) can help treat skin disorders and arthritis. Balneotherapy is one of the oldest forms of pain relief for people with arthritis. The term "balneo" comes from the Latin word for bath (balneum) and refers to soaking in thermal or mineral waters. Some people claim these baths are useful for allergies and respiratory disorders, but there is no scientific evidence for these uses. Many (but not all) studies suggest there may be a connection between sulfur gases in the environment and the rise in allergy and respiratory illnesses, particularly asthma.